ASTRA SPACE, INC.

Primary Offering Of

15,333,303 Shares of Class A Common Stock

Secondary Offering of

189,026,575 Shares of Class A Common Stock

This prospectus supplement amends and supplements the prospectus dated July 14, 2022 (as supplemented or amended from time to time, the “Prospectus”), which forms a part of our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-257930). This prospectus supplement is being filed to update and supplement the information contained in the Prospectus with the information contained in our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on May 5, 2022, May 5, 2022, May 6, 2022, May 10, 2022, May 13, 2022, May 17, 2022, June 3, 2022, June 13, 2022 and June 13, 2022 (the “Current Reports”) and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on May 5, 2022 (the “Quarterly Report”). Accordingly, we have attached the Current Reports and the Quarterly Report to this prospectus supplement.

The Prospectus and this prospectus supplement also relate to the offer and sale, from time to time, by the selling securityholders named in this prospectus (the “Selling Securityholders”), or any of their permitted transferees, of (i) up to an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock that were issued to certain investors (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”) in a private placement in connection with the closing of the Business Combination (as defined herein); (ii) 7,500,000 shares of Class A common stock issued to the Sponsor prior to Holicity’s initial public offering and registered for sale by the Selling Securityholders; (iii) up to an aggregate of 92,277,793 shares of Class A common stock that were issued to certain affiliates of Astra (collectively, the “Astra Affiliates”) pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement (as defined herein); (iv) up to an aggregate 56,239,188 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion (on a one-for-one basis) of shares of our Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class B Common Stock”) held by certain Selling Securityholders and (v) up to an aggregate of 7,676,261 shares of our Class A common stock issued in connection with our acquisition of Apollo Fusion, Inc. (“Apollo Fusion”), which closed on July 1, 2021 comprised of (x) 2,558,744 shares of our Class A common stock (the “Initial Apollo Shares”) issued to certain of the Selling Securityholders on July 1, 2021, in connection with our merger with Apollo Fusion, Inc. (“Apollo Fusion”) and (y) 5,117,517 additional shares of our Class A common stock (the “Additional Apollo Shares”) which may be issued to certain of the Selling Securityholders assuming (a) the achievement of all remaining performance milestones set forth in the Apollo Fusion Merger Agreement (as defined herein), (b) we elect to pay all future milestone consideration in shares of our Class A common stock as required by the terms the Apollo Fusion Merger Agreement, and (c) the per share price used to calculate the number of shares of our Class A common stock to be issued is $11.7243, which is the same per share price used to calculate the number of Initial Shares issued to the Selling Securityholders. The Additional Shares have not been earned and are not currently outstanding. The actual number of Additional Shares issued to the selling stockholders could be materially greater or less than 5,117,517 shares of Class A common stock depending whether and to what extent the future performance milestones are met and/or the actual average closing price of our Class A common stock at the time such milestones are achieved. The Prospectus and this prospectus supplement also cover any additional securities that may become issuable by reason of share splits, share dividends or other similar transactions.

Our Class A common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “ASTR”. On July 12, 2022, the closing price of our Class A common stock was $1.34 per share.

This prospectus supplement updates and supplements the information in the Prospectus and is not complete without, and may not be delivered or utilized except in combination with, the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto. This prospectus supplement should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus and if there is any inconsistency between the information in the Prospectus and this prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement.

Investing in our securities involves risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 13 of the Prospectus.

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued under the Prospectus or determined if the Prospectus or this prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus supplement is July 14, 2022.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 5, 2022

Astra Space, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (866) 278-7217

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Item 8.01 Other Events.

On May 5, 2022, Astra Space, Inc. (“Astra”) issued a press release announcing that it will host its inaugural Spacetech Day for investors and analysts on Thursday, May 12, 2022 at 9:00 a.m. PT (12:00 p.m. ET). A copy of our press release is included in this current report on Form 8-K as Exhibit 99.1.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Exhibit 99.1

Astra to Hold Inaugural Spacetech Day on May 12, 2022

ALAMEDA, Calif., May 5, 2022- Astra Space, Inc. (“Astra”) (Nasdaq: ASTR) today announced that it will host its inaugural Spacetech Day for investors and analysts on Thursday, May 12, 2022 at 9:00 a.m. PT (12:00 p.m. ET).

About Astra Space, Inc.

Astra’s mission is to improve life on Earth from space by creating a healthier and more connected planet. Today, Astra offers one of the lowest cost-per-launch dedicated orbital launch services of any operational launch provider in the world. Astra delivered its first commercial launch to low Earth orbit in 2021, making it the fastest company in history to reach this milestone, just five years after it was founded in 2016. Astra (NASDAQ: ASTR) was the first space launch company to be publicly traded on Nasdaq. Visit astra.com to learn more about Astra.

Investor Contact:

Ryan Carrithers

investors@astra.com

Media Contact:

Kati Dahm

kati@astra.com

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 5, 2022

Astra Space, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (866) 278-7217

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On May 5, 2022, Astra Space, Inc. (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing its financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022.

A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information in Item 2.02 of this Current Report (including the press release furnished as an exhibit hereto) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Exhibit 99.1

Astra Announces First Quarter 2022 Financial Results

ALAMEDA, California —May 5, 2022—Astra Space, Inc. (“Astra”) (Nasdaq: ASTR) today announced financial results for its first quarter ended March 31, 2022.

“This has been a quarter of accelerating investment, customer adoption of our space technology products, and growth in our customer pipeline,” said Chris Kemp, Astra’s Co-founder, Chairman and CEO. Looking ahead, Astra is honored to have the opportunity to serve NASA to further our vision for a healthier and safer planet as we prepare for a multi-launch campaign out of Cape Canaveral to deploy the NASA TROPICS constellation.”

“We continue to make targeted investments to enhance our launch capabilities and product roadmap while managing our cash position. I was impressed with our ability to quickly deploy resources to conclude the expansion of our rocket factory. We look forward to unveiling the progress we’ve made during Spacetech day next week,” stated CFO Kelyn Brannon.

Recent Business Highlights:

First Quarter 2022 Financial Highlights:

For the three months ended March 31, 2022:

Second Quarter 2022 Outlook

As of May 5, 2022, we are providing guidance for the second quarter 2022 based on current market conditions and expectations. We emphasize that the guidance is subject to various important cautionary factors referenced in the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” below and our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, including risks and uncertainties associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as well as the Russia, Ukraine conflict and their potential impact on our business.

For the second quarter ending June 30, 2022, we currently expect:

Conference Call Information

In conjunction with this announcement, Astra will host a conference call for investors at 1:30 p.m. PT (4:30 p.m. ET) today to discuss first quarter results and our outlook for the second quarter ending June 30, 2022. The live webcast and a replay of the webcast will be available on the Investor Relations section of Astra’s website: https://investor.astra.com/news-and-events/events-and-presentations.

About Astra Space, Inc.

Astra’s mission is to improve life on Earth from space by creating a healthier and more connected planet. Today, Astra offers one of the lowest cost-per-launch dedicated orbital launch services of any operational launch provider in the world. Astra delivered its first commercial launch to low Earth orbit in 2021, making it the fastest company in history to reach this milestone, just five years after it was founded in 2016. Astra (NASDAQ: ASTR) was the first space launch company to be publicly traded on Nasdaq. Visit astra.com to learn more about Astra.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements made in this press release are “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “estimate”, “plan”, “outlook”, and “project” and other similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters. These forward-looking statements reflect the current analysis of existing information and are subject to various risks and uncertainties. As a result, caution must be exercised in relying on forward-looking statements. Due to known and unknown risks, actual results may differ materially from Astra’s expectations or projections, including the following factors, among others: (i) the failure to meet projected development and launch targets, including as a result of the decisions of governmental authorities or other third parties not within our control, weather and other suboptimal conditions that may it difficult to perform a launch attempt; (ii) changes in applicable laws or regulations; (iii) the ability of Astra to meet its financial and strategic goals, due to, among other things, competition; (iv)

the ability of Astra to pursue a growth strategy and manage growth profitability; (v) the possibility that Astra may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; (vi) the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Astra, (vii) the ability to manage its cash outflows during its business operations and (vii) other risks and uncertainties described herein, as well as those risks and uncertainties discussed from time to time in other reports and other public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission by Astra.

Explanation of Non-GAAP (or Adjusted) Financial Measures

This press release includes information about Free Cash Flow, Adjusted Net Loss and Adjusted EBITDA (collectively the “non-GAAP financial measures”), all of which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are measurements of financial performance that are not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and computational methods may differ from those used by other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures and should be read only in conjunction with Astra’s consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures are reconciled to their most comparable GAAP measures in the table set forth in this release.

We believe that both management and our investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures in planning, forecasting and analyzing future periods. Specifically, our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in planning, monitoring and evaluating our financial and operational decision making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Our management recognizes that the non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations because of the excluded items described below. We believe that providing the non-GAAP financial measures, together with the reconciliation to GAAP measures, helps investors make comparisons between Astra and other companies in our industry. In making any comparisons to other companies in our industry, investors need to be aware that companies use different non-GAAP measures to evaluate their financial performance. Investors should pay close attention to the specific definition being used and to the reconciliation between such measure and the corresponding GAAP measure provided by each company under applicable SEC rules.

We define Free Cash Flow as cash used in operating activities including cash used for capital expenditures. Adjusted Net Loss differs from GAAP Net Loss in that it excludes the following items: (a) loss on change in fair value of contingent consideration, (b) stock-based compensation, (c) cash earnout compensation cost related to the acquisition of Apollo Fusion, and (d) other special items. During the first quarter, other special items primarily related to amortization of licensed intellectual property, employee COVID-19 testing expenses and payroll taxes.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as Adjusted Net Loss, excluding the following items: (a) interest expense and interest income, (b) income tax expense, (c) loss on marketable securities, and (d) depreciation and amortization. We are unable to predict with reasonable certainty the ultimate outcome of these exclusions without unreasonable effort.

Investor Contacts:

Ryan Carrithers, Astra investors@astra.com

Media Contact:

Kati Dahm, Astra kati@astra.com

Astra Space, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operation

(Unaudited, in thousands except per share data)

Astra Space, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, in thousands)

Astra Space, Inc.

Summary Cash Flow Data

(Unaudited, in thousands)

Astra Space, Inc.

Reconciliation of GAAP Financial Measures to Non-GAAP Financial Measures

(Unaudited, in thousands)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

OR

For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 001-39426

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (866) 278-7217

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of May 2, 2022, the registrant had 208,614,084 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding and 55,539,188 shares of Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF TEMPORARY EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

ASTRA SPACE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Astra Space, Inc. designs, tests, manufactures and operates the next generation of launch services and space services and products that it expects to enable a new generation of global communications, earth observation, precision weather monitoring, navigation, and surveillance capabilities. Astra Space, Inc.’s mission is to Improve Life on Earth from Space^TM through greater connectivity and more regular observation and to enable a wave of innovation in low Earth orbit by expanding our space platform offerings.

Holicity Inc. (“Holicity”) was originally incorporated in Delaware and was established as a special purpose acquisition company, which completed its initial public offering in August 2020. On June 30, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Holicity consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement dated as of February 2, 2021 (the “BCA”), by and among Holicity, Holicity Merger Sub Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Holicity (“Merger Sub”), and Astra Space Operations, Inc. (“pre-combination Astra”). Immediately upon the consummation of the Business Combination, Merger Sub merged with and into pre-combination Astra with pre-combination Astra surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Holicity. Holicity changed its name to “Astra Space, Inc.” and pre-combination Astra changed its name to “Astra Space Operations, Inc.”

Unless the context otherwise requires, “we”, “us”, “our”, “Astra” and the “Company” refers to Astra Space, Inc., the combined company and its subsidiaries following the Business Combination and Astra Space Operations, Inc. prior to the Business Combination. See Note 3 — Acquisitions for further discussion of the Business Combination. The Company’s Class A common stock is listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “ASTR”.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Astra and its subsidiaries, and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as determined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for financial reporting. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited, and reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. The December 31, 2021 condensed consolidated balance sheet data were derived from Astra’s audited consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2021 as filed with the SEC. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022, or for any other future period.

Business Combination

On June 30, 2021, the Business Combination pursuant to the BCA, by and among Holicity, Merger Sub, and pre-combination Astra, was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization as pre-combination Astra was determined to be the accounting acquirer under ASC 805. The determination is primarily based on the evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

In connection with the Business Combination, outstanding common stock and preferred convertible stock of the pre-combination Astra was converted into common stock of the Company, par value of $0.0001 per share, representing a recapitalization, and the net assets of the Company were acquired and recorded at historical cost, with no goodwill or intangible assets recorded. Pre-combination Astra was deemed to be the predecessor and the condensed consolidated assets and liabilities and results of operations prior to the Closing Date are those of pre-combination Astra. Reported shares and earnings per share available to common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the BCA. The number of shares of preferred stock was also retroactively restated based on the exchange ratio. See Note 3 — Acquisitions for additional information.

Liquidity

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Company has historically funded its operations primarily by equity financings and convertible promissory notes prior to the Business Combination and subsequently funded its operations through cash proceeds obtained as part of the Business Combination and related private placement. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s existing sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents of $161.5 million and marketable securities of $93.7 million. The Company has a limited history of operations and has incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and loss from operations in the past as reflected in the accumulated deficit of $1,494.1 million as of March 31, 2022. The Company expects to continue to incur operating losses due to the investments it intends to make in its business, including the development of its products and services. Management continuously evaluates opportunities to strengthen the Company’s financial position, including through the issuance of additional equity securities or by entering into new financing arrangements, as appropriate. However, the Company has adequate liquidity that it expects will be sufficient to fund operating and capital expenditure requirements through at least twelve (12) months from the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Company has been actively monitoring the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation and its impact on the Company’s business. The COVID-19 pandemic had disrupted everyday life and markets worldwide, leading to significant business and supply-chain disruption, as well as broad-based changes in supply and demand. The Company has been diligent in testing and monitoring our employees, and there have been disruptions in productivity, although these disruptions have not resulted in suspension of our manufacturing facilities. However, beginning in the first quarter of 2021, there has been a trend in many parts of the world of increasing availability and administration of vaccines against COVID-19, as well as an easing of restrictions on social, business, travel and government activities and functions. On the other hand, infection rates and regulations continue to fluctuate in various regions and there are ongoing global impacts resulting from the pandemic, including challenges and increases in costs for logistics and supply chains, such as increased intermittent supplier delays and a shortfall of semiconductor supply. Ultimately, we cannot predict the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will continue to monitor macroeconomic conditions to remain flexible and to optimize and evolve our business as appropriate and deploy our production, workforce and other resources accordingly.

Use of Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, inventory valuation, stock-based compensation, pre-combination Astra common stock, useful lives of intangible assets and fixed assets, deferred tax assets, income tax uncertainties, contingent consideration and other contingencies.

Significant Accounting Policies

Other than those described below, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, that have had a material impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Marketable securities. Marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities, corporate debt securities, commercial paper, and asset backed securities. The Company classifies marketable securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. Interest receivable on these securities is presented in other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. All marketable securities are recorded at their estimated fair values. When the fair value of a marketable security declines below its amortized cost basis, the carrying value of the security will be reduced to its fair value if it is more likely than not that management is required to sell the impaired security before recovery of its amortized basis, or management has the intention to sell the security. If neither of these conditions are met, the Company determines whether any portion of the decline is due to credit losses. Any portion of that decline attributable to credit losses, to the extent expected to be nonrecoverable before the sale of the security, is recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. When the fair value of the security declines below its amortized cost basis due to changes in interest rates, such amounts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations only if the Company sells or intends to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. Realized gains and losses are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense), net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 2 — Revenues

The Company recognizes revenue to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Through its current and anticipated offerings, the Company expects to generate revenue by providing the following goods or services:

Launch Services — To provide rapid, global, and affordable launch services to satellite operators and governments in partnership with third-party spaceport providers globally. Our launch services include services tied directly to our launch along with complementary services that are not part of our fixed pricing for which we charge a separate fee. The Company currently operates its launches from Pacific Spaceport Complex in Kodiak, Alaska and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Company plans to add additional launch sites in diverse locations based on its customers’ inclination requirements and as the Company increases the frequency of launches.

Space Products — To design and provide space products based on the customers’ needs for a successful satellite launch and other products that the Company may sell in the future. Currently the Company offers two in-space electric propulsion systems.

Space Services — To invest in building the Company’s portfolio of space services, which includes communication service and constellation services, which will be based on the Company’s network of spacecraft that customers can access for use in their business. Specifically, the Company’s space services encompass all aspects of hosted satellite and constellation services, including hosting customer payloads onto its spacecraft, and delivering services, such as communication and other services, to customers from its space platform.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company has only entered into contracts for launch services and space products. As of March 31, 2022, the Company is in early stages of developing its space services offerings which includes communication service and constellation services. The Company’s contracts may provide customers with termination for convenience clauses, which may or may not include termination penalties. In some contracts, the size of the contractual termination penalty increases closer to the scheduled launch date. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates each contract’s termination provisions and the impact on the accounting contract term, i.e., the period in which the Company has enforceable rights and obligations. This includes evaluating whether there are termination penalties and if so, whether they are considered substantive. The Company applies judgment in determining whether the termination penalties are substantive.

Recognition of Revenue

The work performed by the Company in fulfilling launch services and space products performance obligations is not expected to create an asset to the customer since the launch vehicle that is built to deliver the customer’s payload into orbit will not be owned by the customer or the propulsion systems that are built to thrust the customers’ satellite into orbit will not be owned by the customer until they are delivered to the customer. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time upon satisfaction of the performance obligations under its launch services and space products agreements. The Company recognized $3.9 million of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 under its launch services agreements. No revenue had been recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Contracts with governmental entities involving research and development milestone activities do not represent contracts with customers under ASC 606 and as such, amounts received are recorded in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. No such income was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Contract Balances and Remaining Performance Obligations

Contract balances. Contract assets and liabilities represent the differences in the timing of revenue recognition from the receipt of cash from the Company’s customers and billings. Contract assets reflect revenue recognized and performance obligations satisfied in advance of customer billing. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance under the contract. Receivables represent rights to consideration that are unconditional. Such rights are considered unconditional if only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. The Company had no contract assets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company had contract liabilities of $10.5 million and $10.4 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company recognized revenue of $2.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of the period. No revenue was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Remaining performance obligations. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied. It includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods and does not include contracts where the customer is not committed. Customers are not considered committed when they are able to terminate their contractual obligations to us without payment of a substantive penalty under the contract. Many of the Company’s contracts allow the customer to terminate the contract prior to launch or delivery without a substantive penalty, and therefore the enforceable contract is for a period less than the stated contractual term. Further, the Company has elected not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. The Company had unsatisfied performance obligations of $23.8 million as of March 31, 2022, the majority of which is expected to be recognized in 2022.

Note 3 — Acquisitions

Acquisition of Apollo Fusion, Inc.

On July 1, 2021, or the Apollo Acquisition Date, the Company, through its wholly owned indirect subsidiary, merged with Apollo Fusion, Inc. (“Apollo”). The results of Apollo’s operations have been included in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements since that date. Apollo designs, tests, manufactures and operates propulsion modules to enable satellites to orbit in space.

The fair value of the consideration paid as of July 1, 2021, was $70.8 million, net of cash acquired (the “Apollo Merger”), which consisted of the following:

The fair value of the shares of Class A common stock issued in the Apollo Merger was determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the Apollo Acquisition Date.

The vesting of all unvested stock options of Apollo granted prior to the Apollo Acquisition Date were accelerated prior to the acquisition and were then cancelled in exchange for a right of each option-holder to cash, equity and contingent consideration based on their pro-rata percentage, assuming all stock options of Apollo had been exercised.

The contingent consideration requires the Company to pay $75.0 million of additional consideration to Apollo’s former shareholders and option-holders, if Apollo meets certain customer revenue related milestones over a two and half year period ending on December 31, 2023. The contingent consideration is earned, which is a combination of total contract value and relevant payout ratio, if the contract with the customer is entered into after the acquisition date and 25% of revenue under the contract is recognized by December 31, 2023 under ASC 606. Contingent consideration is payable on a quarterly basis based on the milestones achieved. The fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement at the acquisition date was $18.4 million. The Company estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation model. This fair value measurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined in ASC 820. As of March 31, 2022, the contingent consideration recognized increased to $29.2 million as a result of changes in forecasted revenues subject to milestone payments and the passage of time. The Company has recognized $10.8 million in cumulative net losses on changes in fair value of contingent consideration from the Apollo Acquisition Date, of which $15.5 million in loss was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

An additional $10.0 million of cash (“Cash Earnout”) will be paid to employees of Apollo that joined Astra, subject to certain vesting conditions, as amended. The Cash Earnout is accounted for as compensation expense over the requisite service period in the post-acquisition period as the payment is subject to the employee’s continued employment with the Company. The Company has recognized $7.1 million in compensation cost from the Apollo Acquisition Date, of which $1.3 million in compensation cost was recognized in research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The earned, but unpaid, amount of the Cash Earnout of $3.4 million and $3.9 million is recorded within accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

In addition, the Company awarded 1,047,115 Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”) to employees of Apollo that joined Astra, subject to certain performance-based milestones, as amended, and other vesting provisions. The PSUs are accounted for as compensation expense over the requisite service period in the post-acquisition period as the vesting of PSUs is subject to time-based and performance-based vesting conditions. See Note 15 — Stock-based Compensation for additional information.

We allocated the fair value of the purchase consideration to the tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets acquired, based on their fair values. The excess purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. Our valuation assumptions of acquired assets and assumed liabilities require significant estimates, especially with respect to intangible assets. The final purchase consideration allocation is presented in the following table.

Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and anticipated synergies expected from the integration of the Apollo business. The synergies include operating efficiencies, and other strategic benefits projected to be achieved as a result of the Apollo Merger. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

There were no revenues recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to Apollo. It was impracticable to determine the effect on net income attributable to Apollo as we had integrated a substantial portion of Apollo into our ongoing operations during the year.

Intangible Assets

Developed technology relates to propulsion modules. The Company valued the developed technology using the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. This method is based on the application of a royalty rate to forecasted revenue that are expected to be generated by developed technology. The economic useful life was determined based on the technology cycle related to the developed technology, as well as the cash flows over the forecast period.

Customer contracts and related relationships represent the fair value of future projected revenue that will be derived from sales of products to existing customers of Apollo. Customer contracts and related relationships were valued using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach. This method reflects the present value of the projected cash flows that are expected to be generated by the customer contracts and related relationships less charges representing the contribution of other assets to those cash flows. The economic useful life was determined based on historical customer turnover rates.

Order backlog represents business under existing contractual obligations. The fair value of backlog was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach based on expected operating cash flows from future contractual revenue. The economic useful life was determined based on the expected life of the backlog and the cash flows over the forecast period.

Trade name relates to the “Apollo” trade name. The fair value was determined by applying the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. This method is based on the application of a royalty rate to forecasted revenue under the trade name. The economic useful life was determined based on the expected life of the trade name and the cash flows anticipated over the forecast period.

The Company believes the amounts of purchased intangible assets recorded above represent the fair values of, and approximate the amounts a market participant would pay for, these intangible assets as of the Apollo Acquisition Date.

Reverse Recapitalization.

On June 30, 2021, pre-combination Astra Space, Inc. and Holicity Inc. consummated the Business Combination contemplated by the BCA, with pre-combination Astra surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Holicity. Upon consummation of the Business Combination, Holicity changed its name to Astra Space, Inc., and pre-combination Astra changed its name to Astra Space Operations, Inc.

Immediately following the Business Combination, there were 198,090,903 shares of Class A common stock and 56,239,189 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding with a par value of $0.0001. Additionally, there were outstanding options to purchase an aggregate of 5,993,412 shares of Class A common stock and outstanding warrants to purchase 15,813,829 shares of Class A common stock.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP as pre-combination Astra has been determined to be the accounting acquirer. Under this method of accounting, while Holicity was the legal acquirer, it has been treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of pre-combination Astra issuing stock for the net assets of Holicity, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Holicity were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination are those of pre-combination Astra. Reported shares and earnings per share available to holders of the Company’s common stock, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the BCA (approximately one pre-combination Astra share to 0.665 of the Company’s shares).

The most significant change in the post-combination Company’s reported financial position and results was an increase in cash, net of transactions costs, of $463.6 million, including $200.0 million in gross proceeds from the private placements (the “PIPE”). In connection with the Business Combination, $25.2 million of transaction costs were paid on the Closing Date. Additionally, on the Closing Date, the Company repaid all the outstanding debt except for Paycheck Protection Program note. Refer to Note 6 – Long-term Debt.

Upon closing of the Business Combination, the shareholders of Holicity, including Holicity founders, were issued 37,489,019 shares of Class A common stock. In connection with the Closing, holders of 10,981 shares of common stock of Holicity were redeemed at a price per share of $10.00. In connection with the Closing 20,000,000 shares were issued to PIPE investors at a price per share of $10.00.

The number of shares of Class A common stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination were:

In addition, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, 56,239,189 shares of Class B common stock were issued to two executive officers and founders of the Company: Chris Kemp and Adam London in exchange for an aggregate 73,699,647 shares of common stock and an aggregate 10,870,562 shares of Founders Preferred Stock of pre-combination Astra.

Note 4 — Supplemental Financial Information

Inventories

There were $5.5 million of inventory net realizable value write downs recorded within cost of revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2022. There were no inventory net realizable value write downs recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Presented in the table below are the major classes of property, plant and equipment:

Depreciation expense amounted to $2.0 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. No impairment charges were recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Other Non-Current Liabilities

Note 5 — Intangible Assets

Based on the amount of intangible assets as of March 31, 2022, the expected amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Note 6 — Long-Term Debt

There is no short-term and long-term debt outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. In connection with the Business Combination, all outstanding debt with the exception of the Paycheck Protection Program note was paid on June 30, 2021. Refer to Note – 3 Acquisitions. In August 2021, the Company’s application for forgiveness of Paycheck Protection Program was approved in the full amount of the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest.

Term Loan and Equipment Advances

On December 25, 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “2018 Loan Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Pursuant to the 2018 Loan Agreement, the Company could borrow up to a total of $3.0 million term loans (“2018 Term Loans”) and $7.0 million equipment loans (“2018 Equipment Advances”) with access period ended on April 30, 2020 for 2018 Term Loans and June 30, 2019 for 2018 Equipment Advances. Amounts borrowed under the 2018 Loan Agreement were repaid prior to or on June 30, 2021.

In connection with the execution of the 2018 Loan Agreement, the Company entered into a 2018 warrant agreement which granted certain warrants to SVB (the “Warrants”). The Warrants were issued in one initial tranche on December 25, 2018 and three subsequent tranches in 2019 each time the Company made an additional debt draw under the 2018 Loan Agreement. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, SVB had the option to purchase an aggregate of 480,520 shares of Class A common stock. The warrants had a weighted average exercise price of $0.24 per share and were exercisable for a period of 10 years. The Company accounted for all the Warrants issued as equity instruments since the Warrants were indexed to the Company’s common shares and met the criteria for classification in stockholders’ equity. In July 2021, SVB exercised all the outstanding Warrants and the Company issued 472,113 shares of Company’s Class A Common Stock, net of exercise price.

Paycheck Protection Program Note (“PPP Note”)

On April 20, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds of approximately $4.9 million under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), offered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) pursuant to Title 1 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The PPP Note proceeds were available to be used to pay for payroll costs, including salaries, commissions, and similar compensation, group health care benefits, and paid leaves, rent and utilities, and mortgage interest payments. The PPP Note was subject to forgiveness to the extent proceeds were used for payroll costs, including payments required to continue group health care benefits, and certain rent, utility, and mortgage interest expenses (collectively, “Qualifying Expenses”), pursuant to the terms and limitations of the PPP Note.

The Company used the PPP Note amount intended for Qualifying Expenses. In the first quarter of the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company submitted a forgiveness application to its lender seeking full forgiveness of the PPP Note. On August 24, 2021, the Company received notice from the lender that the Small Business Administration has approved the application for forgiveness of the PPP Note in the full amount.

Convertible Notes

Issuance of Convertible Notes

From June 2019 through July 2019, the Company issued $14.8 million of convertible promissory notes (the “June 2019 Convertible Notes”) to certain investors. The June 2019 Convertible Notes matured on June 10, 2021 and accrued interest at 2.37% or 2.13%, compounded annually on basis of 360-days year of twelve 30-day months. Principal and any accrued but unpaid interest were due and payable at maturity.

From October 2019 through December 2020, the Company issued $45.0 million of convertible promissory notes (the “October 2019 Convertible Notes” and collectively with the June 2019 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”) to certain investors. The October 2019 Convertible Notes matured on October 1, 2021 and accrued interest at 1.69%, 1.59% or 1.85%, compounded annually on basis of 360-days year of twelve 30-day months. Principal and any accrued but unpaid interest were due and payable at maturity.

Settlement of Convertible Notes

On January 28, 2021, the Company entered a stock purchase agreement with certain investors to close the issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock at a cash purchase price of $6.62 per share and settle all outstanding Convertible Notes through Series C convertible preferred stock at a conversion price of $1.33 or $1.71 per share (“Series C Financing”). The Company issued 38,323,292 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Shares (pre-combination) for conversion of outstanding Convertible Notes of $61.0 million.

The June 2019 Convertible Notes were settled pursuant to the contractual conversion upon the Next Equity Financing feature with such financing yielding at least $20 million in a single transaction. The Company credited the net carrying amount of the June 2019 Convertible Notes of $14.5 million, including any unamortized debt discount, to Series C convertible preferred stock with no gain or loss recognized.

The October 2019 Convertible Notes were settled based on negotiated terms between the Company and the note holders as the Series C Financing did not meet the definition of Next Equity Financing for the October 2019 Convertible Notes. The Company assessed the economics of the settlement of the October 2019 Convertible Notes and concluded that it should be treated as a privately negotiated debt redemption/settlement transaction where debt extinguishment accounting should be applied. Therefore, the Company derecognized the net carrying amount, including any unamortized debt discount, of the October 2019 Convertible Notes of $42.6 million and recognized the Series C convertible preferred stock issued specifically to settle the October 2019 Convertible Notes at fair value as the reacquisition consideration. Accrued and unpaid interest of $0.6 million was settled and not paid in cash and therefore it was included in calculating the extinguishment loss. The difference between the net carrying amount of the October 2019 Convertible Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, and the reacquisition consideration was recorded as a loss on extinguishment in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

The Company issued in aggregate 26,727,308 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock (pre-combination) to settle the October 2019 Convertible Notes. The fair value of the Series C convertible preferred stock was determined to be $176.9 million using the cash purchase price of $6.62 per share on January 28, 2021. These October 2019 Convertible Notes had a carrying amount plus accrued and unpaid interest of $43.2 million upon settlement. The difference of $133.8 million was recognized as a loss on extinguishment on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Note 7 — Warrant Liabilities

As part of Holicity’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in 2020, Holicity issued 9,999,976 warrants to third party investors, and each whole warrant entitled the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “Public Warrants”). Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, Holicity completed the private sale of 5,333,333 warrants to Holicity’s sponsor (“Private Placement Warrants”) and each Private Placement Warrant allowed the sponsor to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock at $11.50 per share.

The Private Placement Warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants were not transferable, assignable or salable until after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrants were exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and were non-redeemable so long as they were held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants were held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrant.

The Company accounted for Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants as liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Specifically, the exercise of the Public and Private Placement Warrants may be settled in cash upon the occurrence of a tender offer or exchange that involves 50% or more of the Company’s Class A shareholders. Because not all of the Company’s shareholders needed to participate in such tender offer or exchange to trigger the potential cash settlement and the Company did not control the occurrence of such an event, the Company concluded that the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants did not meet the conditions to be classified in equity. Since the Public and Private Placement Warrants met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, the Company recorded these warrants as liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value upon the closing of the Business Combination, with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized in the consolidated statement of operations at each reporting date.

On November 26, 2021, the Company issued a notice of redemption to redeem all of its Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants (“Redeemable Warrants”) outstanding as of December 27, 2021. Under the Warrant Agreement, the Company was entitled to redeem not less than all of the outstanding Redeemable Warrants at a Redemption Price of $0.10 per Redeemable Warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of the Class A common stock had been at least $10.00 per share on the trading day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, and further provided that there is an effective registration statement covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Redeemable Warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto, available through the Redemption Date.

Under the notice of redemption, Company required holders of the Redeemable Warrants to exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis, (the “Cashless Exercise Option”) and holders were not permitted to exercise Redeemable Warrants by paying the $11.50 per share exercise price in cash. Pursuant to the Cashless Exercise Option, an exercising holder of the Redeemable Warrants received a number of shares of Class A common stock (the “Exercise Shares”) equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the product of the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the Redeemable Warrants, multiplied by the excess of the fair market value of the Class A common stock over the exercise price of the Redeemable Warrants by the fair market value. Since the fair market value was less than the exercise price of the Redeemable Warrants, no Exercise Shares would have been issued if a holder would have elected to exercise its Redeemable Warrant pursuant to the Cashless Exercise Option. Alternatively, holders of the Redeemable Warrants were entitled to elect to receive, in lieu of the redemption price or exercising their Redeemable Warrants pursuant to the Cashless Exercise Option, 0.2560374 shares of Class A common stock for each Redeemable Warrants.

In connection with the redemption, the holders of 9,413,895 Public Warrants and 5,333,333 Private Placement Warrants elected to receive, in lieu of the redemption price, an aggregate 3,775,709 shares of Class A common stock at 0.2560374 shares of Class A Common Stock per Warrant. A total of 586,075 Public Warrants remained unexercised as of December 27, 2021 and the Company redeemed the Public Warrants for a redemption price of $0.10 per Redeemable Warrant on December 27, 2021.

Note 8 — Income Taxes

We compute our provision for income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date income from recurring operations and adjust the provision for discrete tax items recorded in the period.

There has historically been no federal or state provision for income taxes because the Company has incurred operating losses and maintains a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized no provision for income taxes consistent with the losses incurred and the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets.

Utilization of net operating loss carryforwards, tax credits and other attributes may be subject to future annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. The Company is not currently under examination by income tax authorities in federal, state or other jurisdictions. All tax returns will remain open for examination by the federal and state authorities for three and four years, respectively, from the date of utilization of any net operating loss or credits.

Note 9 — Leases

The Company has operating leases for warehouse, production, and office facilities and equipment. Lease contracts have remaining lease terms of less than one year to seven years, some of which include options to extend the term by up to 5 years. The Company included renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised as part of the lease term. Additionally, some lease contracts include termination options. The Company does not expect to exercise the majority of termination options and generally excludes such options when determining the term of leases.

The operating lease costs were $0.5 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The weighted average remaining lease term was 6.33 years and 6.68 years as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The weighted average discount rate was 7.34% as of each of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Cash flows arising from lease transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases in effect as of March 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

Note 10 — Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities at fair value each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value, as follows:

Level 1    Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2    Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3    Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company uses the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

The carrying amounts of Company’s financial instruments, which include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and certain other current liabilities approximate fair value because of their short-term maturities.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):